связаны с повышенным риском воспалительной болезни кишечника: Jason K. Hou, Bincy Abraham, and Hashem ElSerag, “Dietary Intake and Risk of Developing Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review of the Literature”, American Journal of Gastroenterology 106, no. 4 (April 2011).

в то время как потребление клетчатки: Mitsuro Chiba et al., “Lifestyle-Related Disease in Crohn’s Disease: Relapse Prevention by a Semi-Vegetarian Diet”, World Journal of Gastroenterology 16, no. 20 (2010); Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan et al., “A Prospective Study of Long-Term Intake of Dietary Fiber and Risk of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis”, Gastroenterology 145, no. 5 (Nov. 2013).

В тонком кишечнике: Carol L. Roberts et al., “Translocation of Crohn’s Disease Escherichia Coli across M – Cells: Contrasting Effects of Soluble Plant Fibres and Emulsifiers”, Gut 59, no. 10 (Oct. 2010); Isobel Franks, “Crohn’s Disease: Soluble Plant Fibers May Protect against E. Coli Translocation”, Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 7, no. 12 (Dec. 2010).

Глава 12. Страна ферм

наличие скрытой проблемы голода в Америке: Marion Nestle, Food Politics: How the Food Industry Influences Nutrition and Health (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007); Robert Sam Anson, McGovern: A Biography (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1972).

Научные данные были противоречивыми: William J. Broad, “NIH Deals Gingerly with DietDisease Link: Federal Dietary Guidelines for Disease Prevention Have Scant Support from NIH, but Pressure to Take a Stand Is Building”, Science 204, no. 4398 (1979); William J. Broad, “Jump in Funding Feeds Research on Nutrition: But the Dollars Also Fuel a Departmental Turf War That Threatens to Sap the Field of Its Newfound Nourishment”, Science 204, no. 4397 (1979); George McGovern, “Statement of Senator George McGovern on the Publication of Dietary Goals for the United States”, in Dietary Goals for the United States (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1977).

первые в стране рекомендации по питанию: “The McGovern Report”, Nutrition Facts, April 12, 2013, https://nutritionfacts. org/video/the – mcgovern – report/. Все цитаты, касающиеся первых в стране диетических рекомендаций, которые приводятся в этом и последующих параграфах, взяты из этого источника.

тем самым дав понять, что ждет любого: Michael Pollan, In Defense of Food: An Eater’s Manifesto (New York: Penguin Press, 2008).

она решила рассматривать вместо продуктовых групп отдельные нутриенты: Pollan, In Defense of Food.

возражали против такого подхода: Pollan, In Defense of Food. Все цитаты, которые приводятся в этом параграфе, взяты из этого источника.

Он назвал такой рацион «растительным»: T. Colin Campbell, interview with author, Feb. 2020.

которые обладают токсичными и воспалительными свойствами: См., например: Song and Chan, “Environmental Factors, Gut Microbiota”; Mari Anoushka Ricker and William Christian Haas, “Anti-Inflammatory Diet in Clinical Practice: A Review”, Nutrition in Clinical Practice 32, no. 3 (June 1, 2017); Franceschi et al., “Inflammaging and ‘GarbAging”; Adriaan A. van Beek et al., “Metabolic Alterations in Aging Macrophages: Ingredients for Inflammaging?”, Trends in Immunology 40, no. 2 (Feb. 1, 2019).

«Иммунологи вынуждены использовать необычные выражения: Biss, On Immunity: An Inoculation.

они значительно повышают риск болезни или смерти по любой причине.: Anaïs Rico-Campà et al., “Association between Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods and All Cause Mortality: Sun Prospective Cohort Study”, British Medical Journal 365 (2019); Bernard Srour et al., “Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes among Participants of the Nutrinet-Santé Prospective Cohort”, JAMA Internal Medicine 180, no. 2 (2020); Bernard Srour et al., “Ultra-Processed Food Intake and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Prospective Cohort Study (Nutrinet-Santé)”, British Medical Journal 365 (2019).

которые способствуют развитию воспаления: Jotham Suez et al., “Artificial Sweeteners Induce Glucose Intolerance by Altering the Gut Microbiota”, Nature 514, no. 7521 (Oct. 1, 2014); Jotham Suez et al., “Non-Caloric Artificial Sweeteners and the Microbiome: Findings and Challenges”, Gut Microbes 6, no. 2 (March 4, 2015); Iryna Liauchonak et al., “Non-Nutritive Sweeteners and Their Implications on the Development of Metabolic Syndrome”, Nutrients 11, no. 3 (2019); Stephanie Olivier-Van Stichelen, Kristina I. Rother, and John A. Hanover, “Maternal Exposure to Non-Nutritive Sweeteners Impacts Progeny’s Metabolism and Microbiome”, Frontiers in Microbiology 10, no. 1360 (June 20, 2019).

и инсулинорезистентности: M. Y. Pepino et al., “Sucralose Affects Glycemic and Hormonal Responses to an Oral Glucose Load”, Diabetes Care 36, no. 9 (Sept. 2013); Alonso Romo-Romo et al., “Sucralose Decreases Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 108, no. 3 (Sept. 1, 2018).

вызывало воспаление у здоровых мышей: Benoit Chassaing et al., “Dietary Emulsifiers Impact the Mouse Gut Microbiota Promoting Colitis and Metabolic Syndrome”, Nature 519, no. 7541 (March 1, 2015).

некоторые виды растворимой клетчатки: Roberts et al., “Translocation of Crohn’s Disease Escherichia Coli across M – Cells”.

может напрямую активировать иммунную систему: См., например: Anette Christ, Mario Lauterbach, and Eicke Latz, “Western Diet and the Immune System: An Inflammatory Connection”, Immunity 51 (Nov. 19, 2019); Tilg and Moschen, “Food, Immunity, and the Microbiome”; Janett Barbaresko et al., “Dietary Pattern Analysis and Biomarkers of Low-Grade Inflammation: A Systematic Literature Review”, Nutrition Reviews 71, no. 8 (Aug. 2013); Dario Giugliano, Antonio Ceriello, and Katherine Esposito, “The Effects of Diet on Inflammation: Emphasis on the Metabolic Syndrome”, Journal of the American College of Cardiology 48, no. 4 (Aug. 15, 2006).

Кроме того, он может ускорить деградацию теломер: Sonia García-Calzón et al., “Dietary Inflammatory Index and Telomere Length in Subjects with a High Cardiovascular Disease Risk from the Predimed-Navarra Study: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses over 5 Y”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 102, no. 4 (2015).

и более длинными теломерами: Marta Crous-Bou et al., “Mediterranean Diet and Telomere Length in Nurses’ Health Study: Population Based Cohort Study”, British Medical Journal 349 (Dec. 2, 2014); Dean Ornish et al., “Effect of Comprehensive Lifestyle Changes on Telomerase Activity and Telomere Length in Men with Biopsy-Proven Low-Risk Prostate Cancer: 5-Year Follow-Up of a Descriptive Pilot Study”, The Lancet Oncology 14, no. 11 (Oct. 2013).

временем иммунная система может начать все более агрессивно реагировать на подобное питание: Oliver Soehnlein and Peter Libby, “Targeting Inflammation in Atherosclerosis – From Experimental Insights to the Clinic”, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 20 (2021).

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