Они воспаляют эндотелиальные клетки: Naomi G. Iwata et al., “Trans Fatty Acids Induce Vascular Inflammation and Reduce Vascular Nitric Oxide Production in Endothelial Cells”, PLOS ONE6, no. 12 (2011).

Глава 10. Сладкое, соленое, смертельное

Джон Харви Келлог был пятым сыном: Howard Markel, The Kelloggs: The Battling Brothers of Battle Creek (New York: Vintage Books, 2018); Richard W. Schwarz, John Harvey Kellogg, M. D.: Pioneering Health Reformer (Hagerstown, MD: Review and Herald Publishing Association, 2006); John Harvey Kellogg, Shall We Slay to Eat? (Battle Creek, MI: Good Health Publishing Company, 1906).

«Горячий бифштекс, – пишет историк кулинарии: Abigail Carroll, Three Squares: The Invention of the American Meal (New York: Basic Books, 2013).

«великое американское зло: Walt Whitman, “Manly Health and Training”, New York Atlas, Sept. 26, 1858.

диспепсия была включена в число главных убийц человечества: Jones, Podolsky, and Greene, “The Burden of Disease”.

«Когда я был мальчиком, мы ничего не знали о питании»: Markel, The Kelloggs: The Battling Brothers.

«Ешьте то, что ест обезьяна»: Kellogg, Shall We Slay to Eat?

потенциал соли в изменении иммунной функции: См., например: Xin Zhou et al., “Variation in Dietary Salt Intake Induces Coordinated Dynamics of Monocyte Subsets and Monocyte-Platelet Aggregates in Humans: Implications in End Organ Inflammation”, PLOS One 8, no. 4 (2013); Johanna Sigaux et al., “Salt, Inflammatory Joint Disease, and Autoimmunity”, Joint Bone Spine 85, no. 4 (July 1, 2018); Markus Kleinewietfeld et al., “Sodium Chloride Drives Autoimmune Disease by the Induction of Pathogenic Th17 Cells”, Nature 496, no. 7446 (April 25, 2013).

Соль отключает Tregs: Tomokazu Sumida et al., “Activated B-Catenin in Foxp3 Regulatory T Cells Links Inflammatory Environments to Autoimmunity”, Nature Immunology 19, no. 12 (Dec. 2018).

гипертония отчасти является воспалительным заболеванием: Jason D. Foss, Annet Kirabo, and David G. Harrison, “Do High-Salt Microenvironments Drive Hypertensive Inflammation?”, American Journal of Physiology – Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 312, no. 1 (Jan. 2017): R1– R4; Natalia R. Barbaro et al., “Dendritic Cell Amiloride-Sensitive Channels Mediate Sodium-Induced Inflammation and Hypertension”, Cell Reports 21, no. 4 (Oct. 24, 2017).

вносит свой вклад в увеличение жесткости артерий: Panagiota Pietri and Christodoulos Stefanadis, “Cardiovascular Aging and Longevity: JACC State-of-the-Art Review”, Journal of the American College of Cardiology 77, no. 2 (Jan. 19, 2021).

как обнаружил один исследователь: Julia Matthias et al., “Sodium Chloride Is an Ionic Checkpoint for Human Th2 Cells and Shapes the Atopic Skin Microenvironment”, Science Translational Medicine 11, no. 480 (Feb. 20, 2019).

«холодную жареную баранину»: William Shurtleff and Akiko Aoyagi, History of Meat Alternatives (965 CE to 2014): Extensively Annotated Bibliography and Sourcebook (Lafayette, CA: Soyinfo Center, 2014).

«Физиологической потребности в сахаре нет»: John Yudkin, Pure, White and Deadly: How Sugar Is Killing Us and What We Can Do to Stop It (New York: Viking, 2012).

вскоре подверглась нападкам: Harvey Levenstein, Fear of Food: A History of Why We Worry about What We Eat (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012).

что становится стрессом для организма: Scott Dickinson et al., “High-Glycemic Index Carbohydrate Increases Nuclear Factor-Kappab Activation in Mononuclear Cells of Young, Lean Healthy Subjects”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 87, no. 5 (May 2008); Katherine Esposito and Dario Giugliano, “Diet and Inflammation: A Link to Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases”, European Heart Journal 27, no. 1 (2006).

которая ответственная за преобразование углеводов в жирные кислоты: Thomas Jensen et al., “Fructose and Sugar: A Major Mediator of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease”, Journal of Hepatology 68, no. 5 (May 1, 2018).

повысить риск смерти от болезней сердца: Quanhe Yang et al., “Added Sugar Intake and Cardiovascular Diseases Mortality among US Adults”, JAMA Internal Medicine 174, no. 4 (April 2014).

Одна банка газировки: Isabelle Aeberli et al., “Low to Moderate Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Impairs Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Promotes Inflammation in Healthy Young Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 94, no. 2 (Aug. 2011); J. M. Bruun et al., “Consumption of Sucrose-Sweetened Soft Drinks Increases Plasma Levels of Uric Acid in Overweight and Obese Subjects: A 6-Month Randomised Controlled Trial”, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69, no. 8 (Aug. 2015).

сладкие цельные фрукты можно безнаказанно употреблять практически в любых количествах: Allan S. Christensen et al., “Effect of Fruit Restriction on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes – A Randomized Trial”, Nutrition Journal 12 (March 5, 2013); B. J. Meyer et al., “Some Biochemical Effects of a Mainly Fruit Diet in Man”, South African Medical Journal 45, no. 10 (March 6, 1971); David J. A. Jenkins et al., “Effect of a Very-High-Fiber Vegetable, Fruit, and Nut Diet on Serum Lipids and Colonic Function”, Metabolism 50, no. 4 (April 2001).

Глава 11. Питание микробов

В кишечнике Оливии они стали особенно непокорными: Yi Rang Na et al., “Macrophages in Intestinal Inflammation and Resolution: A Potential Therapeutic Target in IBD”, Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 16, no. 9 (Sept. 1, 2019).

«Какая разница, – говорил он: Markel, The Kelloggs.

также является важным триггером воспаления кишечника: Alessandra Geremia et al., “Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease”, Autoimmunity Reviews 13, no. 1 (Jan. 2014).

«неудивительно, что человеческая желудочная машина сломалась»: John Harvey Kellogg, The New Dietetics: What to Eat and How: A Guide to Scientific Feeding in Health and Disease (Battle Creek, MI: Modern Medicine Publishing, 1923).

что может нанести вред организму: Karen Windey, Vicky De Preter, and Kristin Verbeke, “Relevance of Protein Fermentation to Gut Health”, Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 56, no. 1 (Jan. 2012); Stephen J. D. O’Keefe et al., “Fat, Fibre and Cancer Risk in African Americans and Rural Africans”, Nature Communications 6 (2015); Devkota and Chang, “Nutrition, Microbiomes, and Intestinal Inflammation”.

всевозможные исследования на людях показали: Patricia Lopez-Legarrea et al., “The Protein Type within a Hypocaloric Diet Affects Obesity-Related Inflammation: The Resmena Project”, Nutrition 30, no. 4 (April 2014); Monique van Nielen et al., “Dietary Protein Intake and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Europe: The Epic-Interact CaseCohort Study”, Diabetes Care 37, no. 7 (July 2014); Nathalie Bergeron et al., “Effects of Red Meat, White Meat, and