21. Moore & Baldwin, 1903/1996; Rachels, 1990.

22. Rawls, 1976.

23. Hayek, 1960/1978.

24. Chirot, 1994; Courtois et al., 1999; Glover, 1999.

25. Horowitz, 2001; Sowell, 1994; Sowell, 1996.

26. Lykken et al., 1992.

27. Интервью журналу Boston Phoenix в конце 1970х, цитата пересказана условно. По иронии судьбы сын Уолда Элайя стал радикальным научным автором, как и его отец и мать, биолог Руфь Хаббард.

28. Degler, 1991; Kevles, 1985; Ridley, 2000.

29. Bullock, 1991; Chirot, 1994; Glover, 1999; Gould, 1981.

30. Richards, 1987, p. 533.

31. Glover, 1999; Murphy, 1999.

32. Proctor, 1999.

33. Laubichler, 1999.

34. Обсуждение марксистских геноцидов XX века в сравнении с нацистским холокостом: Besançon, 1998; Bullock, 1991; Chandler, 1999; Chirot, 1994; Conquest, 2000; Courtois et al., 1999; Getty, 2000; Minogue, 1999; Shatz, 1999; Short, 1999.

35. Дискуссия об интеллектуальных корнях марксизма в сравнении с интеллектуальными корнями нацизма: Berlin, 1996; Besançon, 1981; Besançon, 1998; Bullock, 1991; Chirot, 1994; Glover, 1999; Minogue, 1985; Minogue, 1999; Scott, 1998; Sowell, 1985. For discussions of the Marxist theory of human nature, see Archibald, 1989; Bauer, 1952; Plamenatz, 1963; Plamenatz, 1975; Singer, 1999; Stevenson & Haberman, 1998; Venable, 1945.

36. See, e.g., Venable, 1945, p. 3.

37. Marx, 1847/1995, chap. 2.

38. Marx & Engels, 1846/1963, part I.

39. Marx, 1859/1979, preface.

40. Marx, 1845/1989; Marx & Engels, 1846/1963.

41. Marx, 1867/1993, vol. 1, p. 10.

42. Marx & Engels, 1844/1988.

43. Glover, 1999, p. 254.

44. Minogue, 1999.

45. Glover, 1999, p. 275.

46. Glover, 1999, pp. 297–298.

47. Courtois et al., 1999, p. 620.

48. See the references cited in notes 34 and 35.

49. Marx quotation from Stevenson & Haberman, 1998, p. 146; Hitler quotation from Glover, 1999, p. 315.

50. Besançon, 1998.

51. Watson, 1985.

52. Tajfel, 1981.

53. Originally in Red Flag (Beijing), June 1, 1958; quoted in Courtois et al., 1999.

Глава 9. Страх невозможности совершенствования

1. The Prelude, Book Sixth, "Cambridge and the Alps," I. Published 1799–1805.

2. Passmore, 1970, epigraph.

3. For example, the Seville Statement on Violence, 1990.

4. "Study says rape has its roots in evolution," Boston Herald, January 11, 2000, p. 3.

5. Thornhill & Palmer, 2001.

6. Brownmiller & Merhof, 1992.

7. Gould, 1995, p. 433.

8. Ну, почти. Художник Джим Джонсон сказал мне, что он, возможно, оклеветал китов. Позже он узнал, что не киты, а морские леопарды убивают пингвинов для забавы.

9. Williams, 1988.

10. Jones, 1999; Williams, 1988.

11. Williams, 1966, p. 255.

12. On the relevance of human nature to morality, see McGinn, 1997; Petrinovich, 1995; Rachels, 1990; Richards, 1987; Singer, 1981; Wilson, 1993.

13. Masters, 1989, p. 240.

14. Daly & Wilson, 1988; Daly & Wilson, 1999.

15. Jones, 1997.

16. Daly & Wilson, 1999, pp. 58–66.

17. Science Friday, National Public Radio, May 7, 1999.

18. Singer, 1981.

19. Maynard Smith &Szathmáry, 1997; Wright, 2000.

20. De Waal, 1998; Fry, 2000.

21. Axelrod, 1984; Brown, 1991; Fry, 2000; Ridley, 1997; Wright, 2000.

22. Singer, 1981.

23. Skinner, 1948/1976; Skinner, 1971; Skinner, 1974.

24. Chomsky, 1973.

25. Berlin, 1996; Chirot, 1994; Conquest, 2000; Glover, 1999; Minogue, 1985; Minogue, 1999; Scott, 1998.

26. Scott, 1998.

27. Quoted in Scott, 1998, pp. 114–115.

28. Perry, 1997.

29. Harris, 1998a.

30. From a dialogue with Betty Friedan in Saturday Review, June 14, 1975, p. 18, quoted in Sommers, 1994, p. 18.

31. Quoted by Elizabeth Powers, Commentary, January 1, 1997.

32. From a talk at the Cornell University Institute on Women and Work, quoted by C. Young, "The mommy wars," Reason, July 2000.

33. Liza Mundy, "The New Critics," Lingua Franca, 3, September/October 1993, p. 27.

34. "From Carol Gilligan's chair," interview by Michael Norman, New York Times Magazine, November 7, 1997.

35. Letter by Bruce Bodner, New York Times Magazine, November 30, 1997.

36. C. Young, "Where the boys are," Reason, February 2, 2001.

37. Sommers, 2000.

Глава 10. Страх детерминизма

1. Kaplan, 1973, p. 10.

2. E. Felsenthal, "Man's genes made him kill, his lawyers claim," Wall Street Journal, November 15, 1994. The defense was unsuccessful: see "Mobley v. The State," Supreme Court of Georgia, March 17, 1995, 265 Ga. 292, 455 S. E. 2d 61.

3. "Lawyers may use genetics study in rape defense," National Post (Canada), January 22, 2000, p.A8.

4. Jones, 2000; Jones, 1999.

5. Dennett, 1984. See also Kane, 1998; Nozick, 1981, pp. 317–362; Ridley, 2000; Staddon, 1999.

6. Dershowitz, 1994; J. Ellement, "Alleged con man's defense: 'Different' mores," Boston Globe, February 25, 1999; N. Hall, "Metis woman avoids jail term for killing her husband," National Post (Canada), January 20, 1999.

7. B. English, "David Lisak seeks out a dialogue with murderers," Boston Globe, July 27, 2000.

8. M. Williams, "Social work in the city: Rewards and risks," New York Times, July 30, 2000.

9. S. Morse, Review of C. Sandford's Springsteen point blank, Boston Globe, November 19, 1999.

10. M. Udovich, Review of M. Meade's The unruly life of Woody Allen, New York Times, March 5, 2000.

11. L. Franks, Interview with Hillary Clinton, Talk, August 1999.

12. K. Q. Seelye, "Clintons try to quell debate over interview," New York Times, August 5, 1999.

13. Dennett, 1984; Kane, 1998; Nozick, 1981, pp. 317–362; Ridley, 2000; Staddon, 1999.

14. Quoted in Kaplan, 1973, p. 16.