Ibid, (ed.): Hadith: Origins and Developments (Trowbridge, 2008).

Mourad, Suleiman A: ‘From Hellenism to Christianity and Islam: The Origin of the Palm Tree Story Concerning Mary and Jesus in the Gospel of Pseudo – Matthew and the Qur’an’ (Oriens Christians 86, 2002).

Myers, Eric M. (ed.): Galilee through the Centuries: Confluence of Cultures (Winona Lake, 1999).

Nebes, Norbert: ‘The Martyrs of Najran and the End of the Himyar: On the Political History of South Arabia in the Early Sixth Century’, in Neuwirth, Sinai and Marx Nees,

Lawrence: Early Medieval Art (Oxford, 2002).

Neusner, Jacob: A History of the Jews in Babylonia (5 vols) (Leiden, 1960–1970).

Ibid. Talmudic Judaism in Sasanian Babylonia: Essays and Studies (Leiden, 1976).

Ibid. Israel’s Politics in Sasanian Iran: Jewish Self-Government in Talmudic Times (Lanham, 1986).

Ibid. Judaism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism in Talmudic Babylonia (Lanham, 1986).

Ibid. In the Aftermath of Catastrophe: Founding Judaism, 70 to 640 (Montreal, 2009).

Neuwirth, Angelika: ‘Qur’an and History – a Disputed Relationship: Some Reflections on Qur’anic History and History in the Qur’an’ (Journal of Quranic Studies 5, 2003).

Neuwirth, Angelika, Sinai, Nicolai and Marx, Michael (eds): The Qur’an in Context: Historical and Literary Investigations into the Qur’anic Milieu (Leiden, 2010).

Nevo, Yehuda D.: ‘Towards a Prehistory of Islam’ (Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 17, 1994).

Nevo, Yehuda D. and Koren, Judith: Crossroads to Islam: The Origins of the Arab Religion and the Arab State (New York, 2003).

Newby, Gordon Darnell: The Making of the Last Prophet: A Reconstruction of the Earliest Biography of Muhammad (Columbia, 1989).

Noth, Albrecht: ‘Abgrenzungsprobleme zwischen Muslimen und Nicht – Muslimen: Die “Bedingungen ‘Umars (as-surut al-’umartyya)” unter einem anderen Aspekt gelesen’ (Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 9, 1987).

Ibid. The Early Arabic Historical Tradition, trans. Michael Bonner (Princeton, 1994).

O’Donnell, James: ‘Late Antiquity: Before and After’ (Transactions of the American Philological Association 134, 2004).

Ibid. The Rum of the Roman Empire: A New History (New York, 2008) Ohlig, Karl-Heinz and Puin, Gerd-R.: The Hidden Origins of Islam: New Research into its Early History (New York, 2010).

The Oracle of Baalbek: in Alexander, Paul J.: The Oracle of Baalbek: The Tiburtine Sibyl in Greek Dress (Washington D. C, 1967).

Ory, S.: ‘Aspects religieux des textes epigraphiques du debut de l’lslam’ (Revue du Monde Musulman et de la Mediterranee 58, 1990)

Padwick, C.: Muslim Devotions (London, 1961).

Palmer, Andrew; Brock, Sebastian P.; Hoyland, Robert G.: The Seventh Century in the West-Syrian Chronicles (Liverpool, 1993).

Parker, Philips: The Empire. Stops Here: A Journey along the Frontiers of the Roman World (London, 2009).

Parker, S. T.: Romans and Saracens: A History of the Arabian Frontier (Winona Lake, 1986).

Parkes, James: The Conflict of the Church and Synagogue: A Study in the Origins of Anti– Semitism (London, 1934).

Parsons, Peter: City of the Sharp-Nosed Fish: Creek Lives in Roman Egypt (London, 2007).

Patai, Raphael: Ignaz Goldziher and His Oriental Diary: A Translation and Psychological Portrait (Detroit, 1987).

Pazdernik, C.: ’Our Most Pious Consort Given us bv God: Dissident Reactions to the Partnership of Justinian and Theodora, ad 525–548’ (Classical Antiquity 13, 1994).

Peters, F. E.: ’Who Built the Dome of the Rock?’ (Graeco Arabica 1, 1982).

Ibid. ’The Commerce of Mecca before Islam’, in A Way Prepared: Essays on Islamic Culture in Honor of Richard Bayly Winder (New York and London, 1988).

Ibid. ’The Quest of the Historical Muhammad’ (International Journal of Middle East Studies 23, 1991).

Ibid. Muhammad and the Origins of Islam (New York, 1994a).

Ibid. The Hajj: the Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places (Princeton, 1994b).

Ibid. The Arabs and Arabia on the Eve of Islam (Aldershot, 1999).

Petersen, Erling Ladewig: Ah and Mu’awiya in Early Arabic Tradition: Studies on the Genesis and Growth of Islamic Historical Writing until the End of the Ninth Century (Copenhagen, 1964).

Philonenko, Marc: ‘Une Tradition essenienne dans le Coran’ (Revue de FHtstoire des Religions 170, 1966).

Pigulevskaja, Nina: Les Villes de I’etat Iramen aux Epoques Parthe et Sassanide (Paris, 1963).

Pines, Shlomo: ‘The Jewish Christians of the Early Centuries of Christianity According to a New Source’ (Proceedings of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities 2, 1968).

Potter, David S.: The Roman Empire at Bay, ad 180–395 (London, 2004) Pourshariati, Parvaneh: ‘Local Histories of Khurasan and the Pattern of Arab Settlement’ (Studia Iranica 27, 1998).

Ibid. Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian– Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran (London, 2008).

Premare, Alfred-Louis de: “Abd al-Malik b. Marwan and the Process of the Qur’an’s Composition’, in Ohlig and Puin.

Pummer, Reinhard: Early Christian Authors on Samaritans and Samaritanism (Tubingen, 2002).

Rabbat, Nasser: The Meaning of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock’ (Muqarnas 6, 1989).

Raby, Julian and Johns, Jeremy (eds): Bayt Al-Maqdis: ‘Abd al-Malik’s Jerusalem (Oxford, 1992).

Rahman, Fazlur: Islamic Methodology in History (Karachi, 1965).

Ibid. Major Themes of the Qur’an (Chicago, 1980).

Ibid. ‘Some Recent Books on the Qur’an by Western Authors’ (Journal of Religion 61, 1984).

Ramadan, Tariq: The Messenger: The Meanings of the Life of Muhammad (Oxford, 2007).

Rautman, Marcus: Daily Life in the Byzantine Empire (Westport, 2006).

Regnier, A.: ‘Quelques Enigmes litteraires de l’lnspiration coranique’ (Le Museon 52, 1939).

Reinink, Gerrit J.: ‘Die Enstehung der syrischen Alexanderlegende als politisch-religiose Propagandaschrift für Herkleios’ Kirchenpolitik’, in After Chalcedon: Studies in Theology and Church History, ed. C. Laga, J. A. Munitiz and L. Van Rompay (Leuven, 1985).

Ibid. The Beginnings of Syriac Apologetic Literature in Response to Islam’ (Oriens Christians 77, 1993).

Ibid. ‘Heraclius, the New Alexander: Apocalyptic Prophecies’, in Reinink and Stolte.

Reinink, Gerrit J. and Stolte, Bernard H.: The Reign of Heraclius (610–641): Crisis and Confrontation (Leuven, 2002).