Idem. The Development of Exegesis in Early Islam (Richmond, 2000).

Idem, (ed.): Method and Theory in the Study of Islamic Origins (Leiden, 2003) Bier, Lionel: ’Sasanian Palaces and their Influence in Early Islamic Architecture’ (http://www.cais-soas.com/CAIS/ Architecture/ sasanian_palaces_islam.htm) Bishop, Eric R.: The Qumran Scrolls and the Quran’ (.Muslim World 48, 1958) Bivar, A. D. H.: ‘Hayatila’, in Encyclopaedia of Islam.

Idem. ‘Gorgan: Pre-Islamic History’, in Encyclopedia Iranica.

Blankinship, Khalid Yahya: The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn ibd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads (Albany, 1994).

Blockley, R. C.: The Fragmentary Classicising Historians of the Later Roman Empire: Eunapius, Olympiodorus, Priscus and Malchus (2 vols) (Liverpool, 1981–1983).

Bobzin, Hartmut: ‘A Treasury of Heresies: Christian Polemics against the Koran’, in Wild.

Bonner, Michael (ed.): Arab – Byzantine Relations in Early Islamic Times (Aldershot, 2004).

Idem. Jihad in Islamic History: Doctrines and Practice (Princeton, 2006).

Bowersock, Glen W.: Roman Arabia (Cambridge, Mass., 1983).

Idem. Martyrdom and Rome (Cambridge, 1995).

Bowersock, G. W., Brown, Peter and Grabar, Oleg: Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World (Cambridge, Mass., 1999).

Boyarin, Daniel: Dying for God: Martyrdom and the Making of Christianity and Judaism (Stanford, 1999).

Idem. ‘Semantic Differences; or “Judaism”/”Christianity” in The Partition of Judaeo-Christianity, ed. Adam H. Becker and Annette Yoshiko Reed: (Philadelphia, 2004).

Boyce, Mary: ‘On the Sacred Fires of the Zoroastrians’ (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 31, 1968).

Idem. ‘On Mithra’s Part in Zoroastrianism’ (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 32, 1969).

Idem. A History of Zoroastrianism, vols 1 and 2 (Leiden, 1975a).

Idem. A Reader in Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Leiden, 1975b).

Idem. Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices (London and New York, 1979).

Idem. ‘Adhur Burzen-Mihr’, in Encyclopedia Iranica.

Idem. ‘Adhur Gusnasp’, in Encyclopedia Iranica.

Idem. ‘Adhur Farnbag’, in Encyclopedia Iranica.

Brague, Remi: The Law of God: The Philosophical History of an Idea, trans. Lydia G. Cochrane (Chicago, 2007).

Brock, S. P.: ‘The Conversations with the Syrian Orthodox under Justinian’ (Orientala Christiana Periodica 47, 1981).

Idem. ‘Christians in the Sasanid Empire: A Case of Divided Loyalties’, in Church History 18, ed. Stuart Mews (Oxford, 1982).

Idem. ‘Syriac Views of Emergent Islam’, in Juynboll.

Idem. Syriac Perspectives on Late Antiquity (London, 1984).

Idem. ‘North Mesopotamia in the Late Seventh Century: Book XV of John bar Penkaye’s Ris Melle’ (Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 9, 1987).

Brooks, E. W.: ‘The Arabs in Asia Minor (641–750), from Arabic Sources’ (Journal of Hellenic Studies 18, 1898).

Idem. ‘The Campaign of 716–718, from Arabic Sources’ (Journal of Hellenic Studies 19, 1899).

Brown, Peter: The World of Late Antiquity (London, 1971).

Idem. ‘Understanding Islam’ (New York Review of Books, 22 February 1979).

Idem. Power and Persuasion in Late Antiquity: Towards a Christian Empire (Madison, 1992).

Idem. Authority and the Sacred: Aspects of the Christianisation of the Roman World (Cambridge, 1995).

Idem. The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity, ad 200-1000 (Oxford, 2003).

Browning, Robert: Justinian and Theodora (London, 1971).

Bulliet, Richard W.: Conversion to Islam in the Medieval Period: An Essay in Quantitive History (Cambridge, Mass., 1979).

Burton, John: The Collection of the Quran (Cambridge, 1977).

Ibid. Review of The History of al-Tabari, Vol. VI (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 53, 1990).

Ibid. ‘Rewriting the Timetable of Early Islam’ (Journal of the American Oriental Society 115, 1995).

Busse, Heribert: ‘Omar’s Image as the Conqueror of Jerusalem’ (Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 8, 1986).

Ibid. ‘Antioch and its Prophet Habib al-Naj jar’ (Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 24, 2000).

Byrskog, Samuel: Story as History, History as Story: The Gospel Tradition in the Context of Ancient Oral History (Leiden, 2002).

Calder, Norman: Studies in Early Muslim Jurisprudence (Oxford, 1993) Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. 14: Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors, ad 425–600, ed. Averil Cameron, Bryan Ward-Perkins and Michael Whitby (Cambridge, 2000).

Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 3. The Seleucid, Parthian and Sassanian Periods, ed. Ehsan Yarshater (Cambridge, 1983).

Cameron, Averil: Procopius and the Sixth Century (Berkeley, 1985).

Ibid. The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity, ad 395–600 (London, 1993).

Ibid, (ed.): The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East III: States, Resources and Armies (Princeton, 1995).

Cameron, Averil and Conrad, Lawrence I. (eds): The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East: Problems in the Literary Source Material (Princeton, 1992).

Carleton Paget, James: Jews, Christians and Jewish Christians in Antiquity (Cambridge, 2010).

Christensen, A: Le Regne de Kawadh I et le Communisme Mazda-kite (Copenhagen, 1925).

Ibid. L’lran sous les Sassantdes (Copenhagen, 1944).

Cohen, Mark R.: ‘What Was the Pact of ‘Umar? A Literary-Historical Study’ (Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 23, 1999).

Cohen, Shaye J. D.: The Beginnings of Jewishness: Boundaries, Varieties, Uncertainties (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1999).

Conrad, Lawrence L: ‘Al-Azdi’s History of the Arab Conquests in Bilad-al – Sham: Some Historiographical Observations’ (Bilad al-Sham Proceedings 1, 1985).

Ibid. ‘Abraha and Muhammad: Some Observations Apropos of Chronology and Literary “topoi” in the Early Arabic Historical Tradition’ (Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 50, 1987).

Ibid. ‘Theophanes and the Arabic Historical Tradition: Some Indications of Intercultural Transmission’ (Byzantinische Forschungen 15, 1988).

Ibid. ‘Historical Evidence and the Archaeology of Early Islam’, in Quest for Understanding: Arabic and Islamic Studies in Memory of Malcolm H. Kerr (Beirut, 1991).

Ibid. ‘The Conquest of Arwad: A Source Critical Study in the Historiography of the Early Medieval Near East’, in Cameron and Conrad.