Ibid. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East From the Sixth to the Eleventh Century (London, 1986).

Ibid. The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State (London, 2001).

Ibid. The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East (Aldershot, 2006).

Ibid. The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live in (London, 2007).

Kennet, Derek and Luft, Paul: Current Research in Sasanian Archaeology, Art and History (Oxford, 2008).

Keys, D.: Catastrophe: An Investigation into the Modem World (London, 1999) Kiani, Mohammad Yusuf: Parthian Sites in Hyrcania. The Gurgan Plain (Berlin, 1982).

King, G. R. D. and Cameron, Averil (eds): The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East: Land Use and Settlement Patterns (Princeton, 1994).

Kister, M. L: ‘You Shall Only Set out for Three Mosques: A Study of an Early – Tradition’ (Le Museon 82, 1969).

Ibid. ‘Maqam Ibrahim: A Stone with an Inscription’ (Le Museon 84, 1971).

Ibid. Studies in jahiliyya and Early Islam (London, 1980).

Ibid. ‘Social and Religious Concepts of Authority in Islam’ (Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 18, 1994).

Klijn, A. F. J.: Jewish – Christian Gospel Tradition (Leiden, 1992).

Klijn, A. F. J. and Reinink, G. J.: Patristic Evidence for Jewish– Christian Sects (Leiden, 1973).

Laga, Carl: ‘Judaism and Jews in Maximus Confessor’s Works: Theoretical Controversy and Practical Attitude’ (Byzantioslavica 51,1990).

Lammens, Henri: Etudes sur le Regne du Calife Omaiyade Mo’awia Ier (Paris, 1908).

Ibid. Fatima et les Filles de Mahomet (Rome, 1912).

Ibid. La Mecque ä la Veille de l’Hegire (Beirut, 1924).

Leaman, Oliver (ed.): The Qur’an: An Encyclopedia (London, 2006).

Leites, Adrien: ‘Sira and the Question of Tradition’, in Motzki 2000.

Lester, Toby: ‘What is the Koran?’ (Atlantic Monthly, January 1999).

Levene, Dan: “…and by the Name of Jesus…”: An Unpublished Magic Bowl in Jewish Aramaic’ (Jewish Studies Quarterly 6, 1999).

Lieu, Samuel N. C: Manicheism in the Later Roman Empire and Medieval China (Tubingen, 1992).

Lings, Martin: Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources (London, 1983) Little, Lester K.: Plague and the End of Antiquity: The Pandemic of 541–750 (Cambridge, 2007).

Liiling, Gunter: A Challenge to Islam for Reformation: The Rediscovery and Reliable Reconstruction of a Comprehensive Pre-Islamic Christian Hymnal

Hidden in the Koran under Earliest Islamic Reinterpretations (Delhi, 2003) Luttwak, Edward N.: The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire (Cambridge, Mass., 2009).

Luxenberg, Christoph: The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran: A Contribution to the Decoding of the Language of the Koran (Berlin, 2007).

Maas, Michael: John Lydus and the Roman Past: Antiquarianism and Politics in the Age of Justinian (London, 1992).

Ibid. The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian (Cambridge, 2005).

MacCulloch, Diarmaid: A History of Christianity (London, 2009).

MacMullen, Ramsay: Christianity and Paganism in the Fourth to Eighth Centuries (New Haven, 1997).

Mango, Cyril: Byzantium: The Empire of New Rome (London, 1980).

Ibid. Studies on Constantinople (Aldershot, 1993).

Ibid. Le Developpement urbain de Constantinople (IV–VII Siecles) (Paris, 2004).

Manzoor, Pervez S.: ‘Method against Truth: Orientalism and Qur’anic Studies’ (Muslim World Book Review 7, 1987).

Margoliouth, J. P: Supplement to the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, S.T.P. (Oxford, 1927).

Markus, R. A.: The End of Ancient Christianity (Cambridge, 1990).

Marsham, Andrew: Rituals of Islamic Monarchy: Accession and Succession in the First Muslim Empire (Edinburgh, 2009).

Mason, Steve: ‘Jews, Judeans, Judaizing, Judaism: Problems of Categorization in Ancient History’ (Journal for the Study of Judaism 38, 2007).

Mathisen, Ralph W.: ‘Peregrtni, Barbari, and Cives Romani: Concepts of Citizenship and the Legal Identity of Barbarians in the Later Roman Empire’ (American Historical Review 111, 2006).

Mathisen Ralph W. and Sivan, Hagith S.: Shifting Frontiers in Late Antiquity (Aldershot, 1996).

Matthews, John: The Roman Empire of Ammianus (London, 1989).

McAuliffe, Jane Dämmen (ed.): Encyclopaedia of the Qur’an (5 vols) (Leiden, 2001–2006).

Ibid, (ed.): The Cambridge Companion to the Qur’an (Cambridge, 2006).

McCormick, Michael: Eternal Victory: Triumphal Rulership in Late Antiquity, Byzantium, and the Early Medieval West (Cambridge, 1986).

Ibid. ‘Bateaux de vie, bateaux de mort: Maladie, commerce, transports annonaires et le passage economique du Bas-Empire au Moyen Age’, in Morfologie Sociali e Culturali in Europa fra Tarda Antichita e Alto Medioevo, ed. Centro Italiano di Studi Sull’Alto Medioevo (Spoleto, 1998).

Ibid. Origins of the European Economy: Communications and Commerce, AD 300–900 (Cambridge, 2001).

Meyers, Eric M. (ed.): Galilee Through the Centuries: Confluence of Cultures (Winona Lake, 1999).

Milik, J. T.: ’Inscriptions Grecques et Nabateennes de Rawwfah’ (Bulletin of the Institute of Archaeology 10, 1971).

Millar, Fergus: ‘Hagar, Ishmael, Josephus and the Origins of Islam’ (Journal of Jewish Studies 44,1993) Minorsky, V.: Iramca (Hartford, 1964).

Misaka, T. (ed.): Monarchies and Socio-Religious Traditions in the Ancient Near East (Wiesbaden, 1984).

Moorhead, John: Theodoric in Italy (Oxford, 1973).

Morimoto, Kosei: The Fiscal Administration of Egypt in the Early Islamic Period (Dohosha, 1981).

Morony, Michael G.: Iraq after the Muslim Conquest (Princeton, 1984).

Ibid. ‘”For Whom Does the Writer Write?”: The First Bubonic Plague Pandemic According to Syriac Sources’, in Little.

Mottahedeh, Roy Parviz and al-Sayyid, Ridwan: The Idea of the Jihad in Islam before the Crusades’, in The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World, ed. Angeliki E. Laiou and Roy Parviz Mottahedeh (Washington, 2001).

Motzki, Harald: ‘The Prophet and the Cat: On Dating Malik’s Muwatta and Legal Traditions’ (Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 22, 1998).

Ibid, (ed-): The Biography of Muhammad: The Issue of the Sources (Leiden, 2000).

Ibid. The Origins of Islamic Jurisprudence: Meccan Fiqh before the Classical Schools, trans. Marion H. Katz (Leiden, 2002).