Svoboda, E. (2015) ‘How Soil Microbes Affect the Environment’, Quanta Magazine.

Tang, W.H.W., Hazen, S.L. (2014) ‘The contributory role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular disease’, J. Clin. Invest. 124, 4204–4211.

Taylor, M.J., Hoerauf, A. (1999) ‘Wolbachia bacteria of filarial nematodes’, Parasitol. Today 15, 437–442.

Taylor, M.J., Makunde, W.H., McGarry, H.F., et al. (2005) ‘Macrofilaricidal activity after doxycycline treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti: a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial’, Lancet 365, 2116–2121.

Taylor, M.J., Hoerauf, A., Bockarie, M. (2010) ‘Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis’, Lancet 376, 1175–1185.

Taylor, M.J., Voronin, D., Johnston, K.L., Ford, L. (2013) ‘Wolbachia filarial interactions: Wolbachia filarial cellular and molecular interactions’, Cell. Microbiol. 15, 520–526.

Taylor, M.J., Hoerauf, A., Townson, S., et al. (2014) ‘Anti-Wolbachia drug discovery and development: safe macrofilaricides for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis’, Parasitology141, 119–127.

Teixeira, L., Ferreira, Á., Ashburner, M. (2008) ‘The bacterial symbiont Wolbachia induces resistance to RNA viral infections in Drosophila melanogaster’, PLoS Biol. 6, e1000002.

Thacker, R.W., Freeman, C.J. (2012) ‘Sponge – microbe symbioses’, in Advances in Marine Biology (Philadelphia: Elsevier), pp. 57–111.

Thaiss, C.A., Zeevi, D., Levy, M., et al. (2014) ‘Transkingdom control of microbiota diurnal oscillations promotes metabolic homeostasis’, Cell 159, 514–529.

Theis, K.R., Venkataraman, A., Dycus, J.A., et al. (2013) ‘Symbiotic bacteria appear to mediate hyena social odors’, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110, 19832–19837.

Thurber, R.L.V., Barott, K.L., Hall, D., et al. (2008) ‘Metagenomic analysis indicates that stressors induce production of herpes-like viruses in the coral Porites compressa’, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105, 18413–18418.

Thurber, R.V., Willner-Hall, D., Rodriguez-Mueller, B., et al. (2009) ‘Metagenomic analysis of stressed coral holobionts’, Environ. Microbiol. 11, 2148–2163.

Tillisch, K., Labus, J., Kilpatrick, L., et al. (2013) ‘Consumption of fermented milk product with probiotic modulates brain activity’, Gastroenterology 144, 1394–1401.e4.

Tito, R.Y., Knights, D., Metcalf, J., et al. (2012) ‘Insights from “Characterizing Extinct Human Gut Microbiomes” ’, PLoS ONE 7, e51146.

Trasande, L., Blustein, J., Liu, M., et al. (2013) ‘Infant antibiotic exposures and early-life body mass’, Int. J. Obes. 2005 37, 16–23.

Tung, J., Barreiro, L.B., Burns, M.B., et al. (2015) ‘Social networks predict gut microbiome composition in wild baboons’, eLife 4.

Turnbaugh, P.J., Ley, R.E., Mahowald, M.A., et al. (2006) ‘An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest’, Nature 444, 1027–1131.

Underwood, M.A., Salzman, N.H., Bennett, S.H., et al. (2009) ‘A randomized placebo-controlled comparison of 2 prebiotic/probiotic combinations in preterm infants: impact on weight gain, intestinal microbiota, and fecal short-chain fatty acids’, J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 48, 216–225.

University of Utah (2012) ‘How Insects Domesticate Bacteria’, UNews.

Vaishnava, S., Behrendt, C.L., Ismail, A.S., et al. (2008) ‘Paneth cells directly sense gut commensals and maintain homeostasis at the intestinal host – microbial interface’, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105, 20858–20863.

Van Bonn, W., LaPointe, A., Gibbons, S.M., et al. (2015) ‘Aquarium microbiome response to ninety-percent system water change: clues to microbiome management’, Zoo Biol. 34, 360–367.

Van Leuven, J.T., Meister, R.C., Simon, C., McCutcheon, J.P. (2014) ‘Sympatric speciation in a bacterial endosymbiont results in two genomes with the functionality of one’, Cell 158, 1270–1280.

Van Nood, E., Vrieze, A., Nieuwdorp, M., et al. (2013) ‘Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile’, N. Engl. J. Med. 368, 407–415.

Verhulst, N.O., Qiu, Y.T., Beijleveld, H., et al. (2011) ‘Composition of human skin microbiota affects attractiveness to malaria mosquitoes’, PLoS ONE 6, e28991.

Vétizou, M., Pitt, J.M., Daillère, R., et al. (2015) ‘Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA–4 blockade relies on the gut microbiota’, Science 350, 1079–1084.

Vigneron, A., Masson, F., Vallier, A., et al. (2014) ‘Insects recycle endosymbionts when the benefit is over’, Curr. Biol. 24, 2267–2273.

Voronin, D., Cook, D.A.N., Steven, A., Taylor, M.J. (2012) ‘Autophagy regulates Wolbachia populations across diverse symbiotic associations’, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 109, E1638–E1646.

Vrieze, A., Van Nood, E., Holleman, F., et al. (2012) ‘Transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome’, Gastroenterology 143, 913–916.e7.

Wada-Katsumata, A., Zurek, L., Nalyanya, G., et al. (2015) ‘Gut bacteria mediate aggregation in the German cockroach’, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.

Wahl, M., Goecke, F., Labes, A., et al. (2012) ‘The second skin: ecological role of epibiotic biofilms on marine organisms’, Front. Microbiol. 3.

Walke, J.B., Becker, M.H., Loftus, S.C., et al. (2014) ‘Amphibian skin may select for rare environmental microbes’, ISME J. 8, 2207–2217.

Walker, T., Johnson, P.H., Moreira, L.A., et al. (2011) ‘The wMel Wolbachia strain blocks dengue and invades caged Aedes aegypti populations’, Nature 476, 450–453.

Wallace, A.R. (1855) ‘On the law which has regulated the introduction of new species’, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 16, 184–196.

Wallin, I.E. (1927) Symbionticism and the Origin of Species (Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co.).

Walter, J., Ley, R. (2011) ‘The human gut microbiome: ecology and recent evolutionary changes’, Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 65, 411–429.

Walters, W.A., Xu, Z., Knight, R. (2014) ‘Meta-analyses of human gut microbes associated with obesity and IBD’, FEBS Lett. 588, 4223–4233.

Wang, Z., Roberts, A.B., Buffa, J.A., et al. (2015) ‘Non-lethal inhibition of gut microbial trimethylamine production for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Cell 163, 1585–1595.

Ward, R.E., Ninonuevo, M., Mills, D.A., et al. (2006) ‘In vitro fermentation of breast milk oligosaccharides by Bifidobacterium infantis and Lactobacillus gasseri’, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72, 4497–4499.