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Peter the Great, Peter I or Peter Alexeyevich (9 June [O.S. 30 May] 1672 — 8 February [O.S. 28 January] 1725) ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 7 May (O.S. 27 April) 1682 until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his elder half-brother, Ivan V. Through a number of successful wars he expanded the Tsardom into a much larger empire that became a major European power. He led a cultural revolution that replaced some of the traditionalist and medieval social and political systems with ones that were modern, scientific, westernized, and based on The Enlightenment. Peter's reforms made a lasting impact on Russia and many institutions of Russian government trace their origins to his reign. Source Wikipedia.
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The Holy Grail is a vessel that serves as an important motif in Arthurian literature. Different traditions describe it as a cup, dish or stone with miraculous powers that provide happiness, eternal youth or sustenance in infinite abundance. In the late 12th century, Robert de Boron wrote in Joseph d'Arimathie that the Grail was Jesus's vessel from the Last Supper, which Joseph of Arimathea used to catch Christ's blood at the Crucifixion. Thereafter, the Holy Grail became interwoven with the legend of the Holy Chalice…
The word graal, as it is earliest spelled, comes from Old French graal or greal, cognate with Old Provençal grazal and Old Catalan gresal, meaning "a cup or bowl of earth, wood, or metal" (or other various types of vessels in different Occitan dialects). The most commonly accepted etymology derives it from Latin gradalis or gradale via an earlier form, cratalis, a derivative of crater or cratus, which was, in turn, borrowed from Greek krater (a large wine-mixing vessel). …
In Parzival, Wolfram von Eschenbach, citing the authority of a certain (probably fictional) Kyot the Provençal, claimed the Grail was a Stone (called Lapsit exillis which in alchemy is the name of the Philosopher's stone), the sanctuary of the neutral angels who took neither side during Lucifer's rebellion. …
Campbell sees the Grail as, “…a stone vessel, which was brought down from heaven. Now what he (Wolfram) is doing is imitating the Muslim Kaaba, the stone at Mecca that was brought down from heaven.” At the end of the story, writing appears on the stone which reads: “…any Templar whom God should bestow on a distant people for their lord must forbid them to ask his name of lineage, but must help them gain their rights.” Campbell explains that for the first time in the history of civilization,“Here is the idea of the king ruling, not in his name, but in the name of the people.” …
The authors of the Vulgate Cycle used the Grail as a symbol of divine grace; Galahad, illegitimate son of Lancelot and Elaine, the world's greatest knight and the Grail Bearer at the castle of Corbenic, is destined to achieve the Grail, his spiritual purity making him a greater warrior than even his illustrious father. …
In The Sign and the Seal (1992), Graham Hancock asserts that the Grail story is a coded description of the Ark of the Covenant…
Grail literature divides into two classes. The first concerns King Arthur's knights visiting the Grail castle or questing after the object. The second concerns the Grail's history in the time of Joseph of Arimathea. Source Wikipedia.
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Гексаграмма (др. — греч. шесть и черта, линия) — звезда с шестью углами, которая образуется из двух наложенных друг на друга равносторонних треугольников (один развёрнут вершиной вверх, другой — вершиной вниз). Иногда гексаграмму ассоциируют с иудаизмом, но исторически она употребляется в другом историческом, религиозном и культурном контексте, например, в исламе, в восточных религиях и в оккультизме.
Этот знак известен в Индии как Анахата или Анахата-чакра. Подобные гексаграммы встречаются в современной культуре Нью-эйдж, и под другими названиями: Звезда Давида, Звезда Голиафа, Печать Соломона. С XIX века Звезда Давида считается еврейским символом. Звезда Давида изображена на флаге Государства Израиль и является одним из основных его символов. Шестиконечные звёзды также встречаются в символике других государств и населённых пунктов.
В тантризме гексаграмма означает гармонию двух миров: материи (треугольник с направленным вверх остриём) и духа (треугольник, остриё которого направлено вниз). Гексаграмма трактуется как соединение и сочетание двух начал: мужского (треугольник с «широкими плечами», направленный вершиной вниз) и женского (треугольник, направленный вверх). Маген Давид также трактуется как сочетание небесного начала (макрокосма), которое стремится к земле, и земного начала (микрокосма), стремящегося к небесам. ИсточникВикипедия.
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Hexagram (ancient Greek. "six" and "a dash, a line") is a star with six angles, which is formed from two equilateral triangles superimposed on each other (one is turned upside down, the other is turned down). Sometimes the hexagram is