Rozen, D. E., D. Schneider, and R. E. Lenski. 2005. Long‑term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. XIII. Phylogenetic history of a balanced polymorphism./Mol Evol 61 (2):171—80.

Salyers, Abigail A., and Dixie D. Whitt. 2005. Revenge of the microbes: How bacterial resistance is undermining the antibiotic miracle. Washington, D. C.: ASM Press.

Sandermann, H. 2006. Plant biotechnology: Ecological case studies on herbicide resistance. Trends Plant Sei 11 (7):324-28.

Sansonetti, P. J. 2006. Shigellosis: An old disease in new clothes? PLoSMed 3(9):e354.

Sapp, J. 1994. Evolution by association: A history of symbiosis. New York: Oxford University Press.

2005. The prokaryote‑eukaryote dichotomy: Meanings and

mythology.

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 69 (2):292–305.

Sauer, U. 2006. Metabolic networks in motion: 13C‑based flux analysis. Mol SystBiol 2:62.

Sauer, U., M. Heinemann, and N. Zamboni. 2007. Genetics: Getting closer to the whole picture. Science 316 (5824):550-51.

Schaechter, Moselio, John L. Ingraham, and Frederick C. Neidhardt.

2006. Microbe. Washington, D. C.: ASM Press.

Schnapp, N., and Q. Schiermeier. 2001. Critics claim “sight‑saving” rice is over‑rated. Nature 410 (6828):503.

Schneider, D., and R. E. Lenski. 2004. Dynamics of insertion sequence elements during experimental evolution of bacteria. Res Microbiol 155 (5):319-27.

Scott, С. T. 2006. Chimeras in the crosshairs. Nat Biotechnol 24

(5):487—90.

Segerstrale, Ullica. In press. Nature’s oracle: A life ofW. D. Hamilton. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Service, Robert F. 2003. Researchers create first autonomous synthetic life form. Science

299 (5607):640.

2007. A growing threat down on the farm. Science 316

(5828):1114—17.

Shaikh, N., and P. I. Tarr. 2003. Escherichia eoli 0157: H7 Shiga toxin — encoding bacteriophages: Integrations, excisions, truncations, and evolutionary implications. JBacteriol 185 (12):3596—605.

Shapiro, J., L. Machattie, L. Eron, G. Ihler, K. Ippen, and J. Beckwith. 1969. Isolation of pure lac operon DNA. Nature 224 (5221):768-74.

Shi, W., and D. R. Zusman. 1993. Fatal attraction. Nature 366 (6454):414-15.

Shin, T., D. Kraemer, J. Pryor, L. Liu, J. Rugila, L. Howe, S. Buck, K. Murphy, L. Lyons, and M. Westhusin. 2002. A cat cloned by nuclear transplantation. Nature 415 (6874):859. Shnayerson, Michael, and Mark J. Plotkin. 2002. The killers within: The deadly rise of drug — resistant bacteria. Boston: Little, Brown.

Silver, Lee M. 2006. Challenging nature: The clash of science and spirituality at the fron —

tiers of life. New York: Ecco.

Sinervo, B. 2001. Runaway social games, genetic cycles driven by alternative male and female strategies, and the origin of morphs. Genetica 112-13:417-34.

Singer, M. 2001. What did the Asilomar exercise accomplish, what did it leave undone? PerspectBiol Med 44 (2):186-91.

Spencer, C. C., M. Bertrand, M. Travisano, and M. Doebeli.

2007. Adaptive diversifica- tion in genes that regulate resource use in Escherichia eoli. PLoS Genet 3 (l):el5. Spudich, J. L., and

D. E. Koshland Jr. 1976. Non‑genetic individuality: Chance in the single cell. Nature 262 (5568):467-71.

Stahl, Franklin W. 2001. Alfred Day Hershey. Biographical Memoirs 80. Washington, D. C.: National Academy Press.

Stein, A. J., H. P. Sachdev, and M. Qaim. 2006. Potential impact and cost‑effectiveness of Golden Rice. Nat Biotechnol 24 (10):1200–1201.

Stenuit, B., L. Eyers, R. Rozenberg, J. L. Habib‑Jiwan, and S. N. Agathos. 2006. Aerobic growth of Escherichia eoli with 2,4,6–trinitrotoluene (TNT) as the sole nitrogen source and evidence of TNT denitration by whole cells and cell‑free extracts. Appl Environ Microbiol 72 (12):7945-48.

Stewart, E. J., R. Madden, G. Paul, and F. Taddei. 2005. Aging and death in an organism that reproduces by morphologically symmetric division. PLoS Biol 3 (2):e45.

Sullivan, Woodruff T., and John Baross, eds. 2007. Planets and life: The emerging science of astrobiology. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Talbot, M. 2005. Darwin in the dock. New Yorker, December 5,2005.

TalkOrigins Archive. 2006. Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District, Dover, Pennsylvania

Intelligent Design Case, http://talkorigins.org/faqs/dover/kitz miller jv dover. html. Tanaka, R., M. Csete, and J. Doyle. 2005. Highly optimised global organisation of metabolic networks. Syst Biol (Stevenage) 152 (4):179-84.

Tarr, P. I., C. A. Gordon, and W. L. Chandler. 2005. Shiga‑toxin- producing Escherichia coli and haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Lancet 365 (9464):1073-86.

Tatum, E. L., and J. Lederberg. 1947. Gene recombination in the bacterium Escherichia coli. JBacteriol 53 (6):673-84.

Tenaillon, О., E. Denamur, and I. Matic. 2004. Evolutionary significance of stress- induced mutagenesis in bacteria. Trends Microbiol 12 (6):264-70.

Tenover, F. C. 2006. Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. Am JMed 119 (6 Suppl. 1):S3-10, discussion S62-70.

Thanbichler, M., and L. Shapiro. 2006. Chromosome organization and segregation in bacteria./Struct Biol 156 (2):292–303.

Thiem, S., D. Kentner, and V. Sourjik. 2007. Positioning of chemosensory clusters in E. coli and its relation to cell division. Embo /26 (6):1615—23.

Thomas, W. E., L. M. Nilsson, M. Forero, E. V. Sokurenko, and V. Vogel. 2004. Shear- dependent “stick‑and‑roll” adhesion of type 1 fimbriated Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 53 (5):1545-57.

Thornton, I. W. B. 1996. Krakatau: The destruction and reassembly of an island ecosystem. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Tomitani, A., A. H. Knoll, C. M. Cavanaugh, and T. Ohno. 2006. The evolutionary diversification of cyanobacteria: Molecular- phylogenetic and paleontological per- spectives. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 103 (14):5442-47.

Travisano, М., J. A. Mongold, A. F. Bennett, and R. E. Lenski. 1995. Experimental tests of the roles of adaptation, chance, and history in evolution. Science 267 (5194):87–90.