79. Pascoe and Richman, “Perceived Discrimination and Health”.

80. B. Major, D. Eliezer, and H. Rieck, “The Psychological Weight of Weight Stigma”, Social Psychological and Personality Science 3, no. 6 (January 19, 2012): 651-58, doi: 10.1177/1948550611434400. Cm. также: Janet Tomiyama et al., “Associations of Weight Stigma with Cortisol and Oxidative Stress Independent of Adiposity”, Health Psychology 33, no. 8 (August 2014): 862-67, doi:10.1037/hea0000107. Другой пример можно найти в работе: Natasha A. Schvey, Rebecca M. Puhl, and Kelly D. Brownell, “The Stress of Stigma: Exploring the

Effect of Weight Stigma on Cortisol Reactivity”, Psychosomatic Medicine (2014): PSY-0000000000000031.

81. Puhl and Brownell, “Confronting and Coping with Weight Stigma”.

82. Jenny H. Ledikwe et al., “Dietary Energy Density Is Associated with Energy Intake and Weight Status in US Adults”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 83, no. 6 (June 2006): 1362-68.

83. Lawrence de Koning et al., “Sugar-Sweetened and Artificially Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Men”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 93, no. 6 (June 1, 2011): 1321-27, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.l 10.007922. Koning.

84. Ankur Vyas et al., “Diet Drink Consumption and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Report from the Women’s Health Initiative”, Journal of the American College of Cardiology 63, no. 12 (April 1, 2014): A1290, doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(14)61290-0. vyas.

85. Jotham Suez et al., “Artificial Sweeteners Induce Glucose Intolerance by Altering the Gut Microbiota”, Nature (September 17, 2014), doi:10.1038/naturel3793. Suez.

86. A. S. Levy and A. W. Heaton, “Weight Control Practices of US Adults Trying to Lose Weight”, Annals of Internal Medicine 119, no. 7 Part 2 (1993): 661-66; Edward C. Weiss et al., “Weight-Control Practices among U.S. Adults, 2001-2002”, American Journal of Preventive Medicine 31, no. 1 (2006): 18-24.

87. Lisa L. Ioannides-Demos et al., “Safety of Drug Therapies Used for Weight Loss and Treatment of Obesity”, Drug Safety 29, no. 4 (2006): 277-302, doi: 10.2165/00002018-200629040-00001.

88. M. A. Whisman, “Loneliness and the Metabolic Syndrome in a Population-Based Sample of Middle-Aged and Older Adults”, Health Psychology 29, no. 5 (2010): 550-54, doi:10.1037/a0020760.

89. J. Holt-Lunstad, T. B. Smith, and J. B. Layton, “Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-Analytic Review”, PLoS Med 7, no. 7 (2010): el000316,doi:10.1371/journal.pmed. 1000316.

90. Сведения взяты из дополнительных материалов к статье. Вебадреса, по которому можно выйти на эти данные, не существует, но их можно найти в основной статье: Flegal et al., “Association of All-Cause Mortality with Overweight and Obesity Using Standard Body Mass Index Categories”.

91. Исследователям нужно было учитывать как минимум два из трех компонентов СЭС (например, уровни образования и дохода), если судить по работе: Р. A. Braveman et al., “Socioeconomic Status in

Health Research: One Size Does Not Fit All”, JAMA 294, no. 22 (2005): 2879-88, doi:10.1001/jama.294.22.2879.

92. Это справедливо для белокожих людей, которые никогда не курили. Eric A. Finkelstein et al., “Individual and Aggregate Years-of-Life-Lost Associated with Overweight and Obesity”, Obesity 18, no. 2 (February 2010): 333-39, doi:10.1038/oby.2009.253.

93. Там же.

94. Christenfeld, Phillips, and Glynn, “What’s in a Name”.

95. P. Campos et al., “The Epidemiology of Overweight and Obesity: Public Health Crisis or Moral Panic?”, International Journal of Epidemiology 35, no. 1 (2006): 55-60, doi:10.1093/ije/dyi254.

96. Davidoff, “Sponsorship, Authorship, and Accountability”.

97. Olshansky et al., “A Potential Decline in Life Expectancy in the United States in the 21st Century”.

98. W. Wayt Gibbs, “Obesity: An Overblown Epidemic?”, Scientific American 292, no. 6 (June 2005): 70-77, doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0605-70.

99. Olshansky et al., “A Potential Decline in Life Expectancy in the United States in the 21st Century”; David Allison, “Disclosure of Financial Information”, New England Journal of Medicine, 2005, http://www. nejm.org/doi/suppl/10.1056/NEJMsr043743/suppl_file/1138sal.pdf.

100. Flegal et al., “Association of All-Cause Mortality with Overweight and Obesity Using Standard Body Mass Index Categories”.

ГЛАВА 6. НЕСКОЛЬКО УРОКОВ ОТ ПОДЖАРОЙ СВИНЬИ

1. По просьбе этого человека в книге его имя изменено.

2. Walter Mischel, “From Good Intentions to Willpower”, in “The Psychology of Action: Linking Cognition and Motivation to Behavior”, ed. Peter Gollwitzer and John Bargh (New York: Guilford Press, 1996), 197-218.

3. Об этой стратегии (и о многих других) мы писали в работе, посвященной обзору стратегий самоконтроля: Traci Mann, Denise de Ridder, and Kentaro Fujita, “Self-Regulation of Health Behavior: Social Psychological Approaches to Goal Setting and Goal Striving”, Health Psychology 32, no. 5 (May 2013): 487-98, doi:10.1037/a0028533.

4. Lisa R. Young and Marion Nestle, “The Contribution of Expanding Portion Sizes to the US Obesity Epidemic”, American Journal of Public Health 92, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 246-49.

5. Там же.

6. Nancy Rivera, “Ice Cream Firm Turns 40: Baskin-Robbins Starts Program to Revitalize”, Los Angeles Times, May 6, 1985.

7. Young and Nestle, “The Contribution of Expanding Portion Sizes to the US Obesity Epidemic”.

8. Там же.

9. В. Wansink and C. S. Wansink, “The Largest Last Supper: Depictions of Food Portions and Plate Size Increased Over the Millennium”, International Journal of Obesity (2005) 34, no. 5 (May 2010): 943 -4, doi: 10.1038/ijo.2010.37.

10. Там же.

11. Сведения обзорного характера можно найти в работе: Brian Wansink, “Environmental Factors That Increase the Food Intake and Consumption Volume of Unknowing Consumers”, Annual Review of Nutrition 24 (January 2004): 455-79, doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.24.012003.132140. См. также: Carmen Piernas and Barry M. Popkin, “Increased Portion Sizes from Energy-Dense Foods Affect Total Energy Intake at Eating Occasions in US Children and Adolescents: Patterns and Trends by Age Group and Sociodemographic Characteristics, 1977-2006”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 94, no. 5 (November 1, 2011): 1324-32, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.008466; David A. Levitsky and Trisha Youn, “The More Food Young Adults Are Served, the More They Overeat”, Journal of Nutrition 134, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 2546-49.

12. Brian Wansink, “Can Package Size Accelerate Usage Volume?”, Journal of Marketing 60, no. 3 (1996): 1-14, doi: 10.2307/1251838.